Medicare Deductible, Coinsurance, Premium Rates and Therapy Cap Values for Calendar Year 2018

 Background

Beneficiaries who use covered Part A services may be subject to deductible and coinsurance requirements. A beneficiary is responsible for an inpatient hospital deductible amount, which is deducted from the amount payable by the Medicare program to the hospital, for inpatient hospital services furnished in a spell of illness. When a beneficiary receives such services for more than 60 days during a spell of illness, he or she is responsible for a coinsurance amount equal to one-fourth of the inpatient hospital deductible per-day for the 61st - 90th day spent in the hospital. An individual has 60 lifetime reserve days of coverage, which they may elect to use after the 90th day in a spell of illness. The coinsurance amount for these days is equal to one-half of the inpatient hospital deductible. A beneficiary is responsible for a coinsurance amount equal to one-eighth of the inpatient hospital deductible per day for the 21st through the 100th day of Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) services furnished during a spell of illness. 

Most individuals age 65 and older, and many disabled individuals under age 65, are insured for Health Insurance (HI) benefits without a premium payment. The Social Security Act provides that certain aged and disabled persons who are not insured may voluntarily enroll, but are subject to the payment of a monthly premium. Since 1994, voluntary enrollees may qualify for a reduced premium if they have 30 - 39 quarters of covered employment. When voluntary enrollment takes place more than 12 months after a person’s initial enrollment period, a 10 percent penalty is assessed for 2 years for every year they could have enrolled and failed to enroll in Part A.

Under Part B of the Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI) program, all enrollees are subject to a monthly premium. Most SMI services are subject to an annual deductible and coinsurance (percent of costs that the enrollee must pay), which are set by statute. When Part B enrollment takes place more than 12 months after a person’s initial enrollment period, there is a permanent 10 percent increase in the premium for each year the beneficiary could have enrolled and failed to enroll.